Publications | Anand Research Group | University of Illinois Chicago

2024

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Increased solidification delays fragmentation and suppresses rebound of impacting drops

V. Kulkarni, S. Tamvada, N. Shirdade, N. Saneie, V. Y. Lolla, V. Batheyrameshbapu, S. Anand. “Increased solidification delays fragmentation and suppresses the rebound of impacting drops” (submitted). (2024).

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Controlling outcomes of oil drops bursting at a water/air interface

Kulkarni, V.; Lolla, V. Y.; Tamvada, S.; Anand, S., Bursting Oil Drops, Applied Physics Letters (Submitted) 2024

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Bursting Oil Drops

Kulkarni, V.; Lolla, V. Y.; Tamvada, S.; Anand, S., Bursting Oil Drops, Physical Review Letters (Under Revision) 2024

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Continuous Synthesis of Nanoscale Emulsions by Vapor Condensation (EVC)

Anand, S.; Galavan, V. ; Mulik, M. U., Continuous Synthesis of Nanoscale Emulsions by Vapor Condensation (EVC), Advanced Science, 2024

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The undesirable buildup of ice can compromise the operational safety of ships in the Arctic to high-flying airplanes, thereby having a detrimental impact on modern life in cold climates. The obstinately strong adhesion between ice and most functional surfaces makes ice removal an energetically expensive and dangerous affair. Hence, over the past few decades, substantial efforts have been directed toward the development of passive ice-shedding surfaces. Conventionally, such research on ice adhesion has almost always been based on ice solidified from pure water. However, in all practical situations, freezing water has dissolved contaminants; ice adhesion studies of which have remained elusive thus far. Here, we cast light on the fundamental role played by various impurities (salt, surfactant, and solvent) commonly found in natural water bodies on the adhesion of ice on common structural materials. We elucidate how varying freezing temperature & contaminant concentration can significantly alter the resultant ice adhesion strength making it either super-slippery or fiercely adherent. The entrapment of impurities in ice changes with the rate of freezing and ensuing adhesion strength increases as the cooling temperature decreases. We discuss the possible role played by the in situ generated solute enriched liquid layer and the nanometric water-like disordered ice layer sandwiched between ice and the substrate behind these observations. Our work provides useful insights into the elementary nature of impure water-to-ice transformation and contributes to the knowledge base of various natural phenomena and rational design of a broad spectrum of anti-icing technologies for transportation, infrastructure, and energy systems.

Adhesion of impure ice on surfaces

Chatterjee, R.; Thanjukutty, R. U.; Carducci, C.; Neogi, A.; Chakraborty, S.; Bapu, V. P. B. R.; Banik, S.; Sankaranarayanan, S.; Anand, S., Materials Horizons 11(2), 419-427 (2024). DOI 10.1039/D3MH01440A

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2023

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Synthetic surfaces engineered to regulate phase transitions of matter and exercise control over its undesired accrual (liquid or solid) play a pivotal role in diverse industrial applications. Over the years, the design of repellant surfaces has transitioned from solely modifying the surface texture and chemistry to identifying novel material systems. In this study, selection criteria are established to identify bio-friendly phase change materials (PCMs) from an extensive library of vegetable-based/organic/essential oils that can thermally respond by harnessing the latent heat released during condensation and thereby delaying ice/frost formation in the very frigid ambient that is detrimental to its functionality. Concurrently, a comprehensive investigation is conducted to elucidate the relation between microscale heat transport phenomena during condensation and the resulting macroscopic effects (e.g., delayed droplet freezing) on various solidified PCMs as a function of their inherent thermo-mechanical properties. In addition, to freeze protection, many properties that are responsive to the thermal reflex of the surface, such as the ability to dynamically tune optical transparency, moisture harvesting, ice shedding, and quick in-field repairability, are achievable, resulting in the development of protective coatings capable of spanning a wide range of functionalities and thereby having a distinctive edge over conventional solutions.

How to select phase change materials for tuning condensation and frosting?

Chatterjee, R., Chaudhari, U. & Anand, S. How to Select Phase Change Materials for Tuning Condensation and Frosting? Advanced Functional Materials. 33, 2206301, doi:10.1002/adfm.202206301 (2023).

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2022

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Manipulating surface topography is one of the most promising strategies for increasing the efficiency of numerous industrial processes involving droplet contact with superheated surfaces. In such scenarios, the droplets may immediately boil upon contact, splash and boil, or could levitate on their own vapor in the Leidenfrost state. In this work, we report the outcomes of water droplets coming in gentle contact with designed nano/microtextured surfaces at a wide range of temperatures as observed using high-speed optical and X-ray imaging. We report a paradoxical increase in the Leidenfrost temperature (TLFP) as the texture spacing is reduced below a critical value (∼10 μm) that represents a minima in TLFP. Although droplets on such textured solids appear to boil upon contact, our studies suggest that their behavior is dominated by hydrodynamic instabilities implying that the increase in TLFP may not necessarily lead to enhanced heat transfer. On such surfaces, the droplets display a new regime characterized by splashing accompanied by a vapor jet penetrating through the droplets before they transition to the Leidenfrost state. We provide a comprehensive map of boiling behavior of droplets over a wide range of texture spacings that may have significant implications toward applications such as electronics cooling, spray cooling, nuclear reactor safety, and containment of fire calamities.

A Family of Frost-Resistant and Icephobic Coatings

Chatterjee, R., H. Bararnia, and S. Anand, (2022) “A Family of Frost-Resistant and Icephobic Coatings” Advanced Materials, 34(20): p. 2109930. Selected as Front-Cover & featured in NSF, UIC News, Cosmetics Design, Technology Networks

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Boiling Transitions During Droplet Contact on Superheated Nano/Micro-Structured Surfaces

Saneie, N., V. Kulkarni, K. Fezzaa, N. A. Patankar, and S. Anand. “Boiling Transitions During Droplet Contact on Superheated Nano/Micro-Structured Surfaces.” ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces 14, no. 13 (2022): 15774-83

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2021

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Dissipating large heat fluxes from a surface is critically important in numerous industrial and natural applications. Boiling based spray cooling and surface texturing are two of the most promising methods being investigated to address this problem. Although our understanding on these topics has significantly improved over past decades, critical gaps remain in the knowledgebase stymieing the realization of their full potential. As an example, while bubble growth in pool boiling have been investigated in detail, comparatively little is known about how the bubbles evolve inside boiling drops. In the present work, we have investigated for the first time, the microbubble dynamics inside water droplets boiling on superhydrophilic textured substrates using high-speed X-ray phase contrast imaging (XRPCI). Our observations show that the transient bubble density variation follows similar characteristics irrespective of the texture spacing at a given surface temperature. For an example microstructure, we found that the number of discrete bubbles on the surface decreases as temperature is increased although their growth rate increases. We observe that bubble growth is highly non-uniform during the lifetime of a drop on the surface. Initially, bubbles grow under diffusion-limited regime, but at later times they grow as ~t1.45 due to combined effects of coalescence and evaporation. In some conditions, we found that bubbles shrink dramatically after the initial growth spurt presumably due to severe quenching of the surface, and migration of bubbles on the surface. Using the bubble sizes, for the first time we analyzed the heat flux removed by a single bubble and also by all the bubbles at a given time. We find that the highest dissipation through latent-heat component (~600 W/cm2) occurs just in the beginning and thereafter it decreases. We expect that our findings and the analysis would guide further work on the topic and will aid in the overarching goal of engineering surfaces that are more efficient in boiling heat transfer.

Microbubble Dynamics and Heat Transfer in Boiling Droplets

Saneie, N., V. Kulkarni, B. Treska, K. Fezzaa, N. Patankar, and S. Anand. “Microbubble Dynamics and Heat Transfer in Boiling Droplets.” International Journal of Heat & Mass Transfer 176, 121413

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Coalescence and spreading of oil drops on liquid pools

Kulkarni, V.; Lolla, V. *; Tamvada, S.*; Shirdade, N., Anand, S., (2021) “Coalescence and spreading of oil drops on liquid pools”, Journal of Colloid & Interface Science 586, 257-268

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2019

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In-Situ Study of Molecular Structure of Water and Ice Entrapped..

Ghodsi, S. M., Anand, S., Shahbazian-Yassar, R., Shokuhfar, T.* and Megaridis, C.M.* (*corresponding authors) (2019) In-situ molecular structure study of water and ice in graphene nanovessels, ACS Nano

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Delaying Ice and Frost Formation Using Phase‐Switching Liquids

Chatterjee, R.; Beysens, D.; Anand, S, (2019) Delaying Ice and Frost Formation Using Phase‐Switching Liquids Advanced Materials

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Programmable Soft Robotics Based on Nano-Textured Thermo-Respo...

Kang, Dong Jin, Seongpil An, Alexander L. Yarin, and Sushant Anand. “Programmable soft robotics based on nano-textured thermo-responsive actuators.” Nanoscale (2019).

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2018

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Synthesizing Pickering nanoemulsions by vapor condensation

Kang, D. J.*; Bararnia, H.*; Anand, S., (2018) Synthesizing Pickering nanoemulsions by vapor condensation (*Equal Contribution), ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces. Featured in MIE NEWS.

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Nanoparticle synthesis via bubbling vapor precursors in ...

Kang, D. J.; Anand, S., (2018) Nanoparticle synthesis via bubbling vapor precursors in bulk liquids, RSC Nanoscale

2017

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Creating Nanoscale Emulsions using Condensation

Guha, I.*; Anand, S.*†; Varanasi, K. K.†, (2017) Creating Nanoscale Emulsions using Condensation. (*Equal Contribution, †Corresponding Author), Nature Communications, 8 (1), 1371. Featured in MIT News, UIC MIE News, Phys.org, Daily Mail, International Business Times, Azo Materials

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Papers List 2017 - (1)

Solomon, B. R.; Subramanyam, S. B.; Farnham, T. A.; Khalil, K. S.; Anand, S.; Varanasi, K. K. CHAPTER 10: Lubricant-Impregnated Surfaces. In RSC Non-wettable Surfaces: Theory, Preparation and Applications, Marmur, A.; Ras, R. H. A., Eds.; Royal Society of Chemistry, 2017; Vol. 2017-January, pp 285-318.

2010 - 2015

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Papers List 2010-2015 - (1)

Ramchandra, N.; Anand, S.; Rykaczewski, K.; Médici, M.G.; González-Viñas, W; Varanasi, K. K. and Beysens, D. (2015) “Inverted Leidenfrost like effect during condensation”, Langmuir, 31, (19), 5353-5363.

How droplets nucleate and grow on liquids and liquid...

Anand, S.‡; Rykaczewski, K.; Subramanyam, S.B.; Beysens, D. and Varanasi, K. K. (2015) “How droplets nucleate and grow on liquids and liquid impregnated surfaces”, Soft Matter, 11 (1), 69-80 (‡corresponding author). Also selected as Back Cover and amongst ‘2015’s most accessed Soft Matter articles”.

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Dropwise Condensation of Low Surface Tension Fluids on ...

Rykaczewski, K.; Paxson, A.; Staymates, M.; Walker, M.L.; Sun, X.; Anand, S.; Srinivasan, S.; McKinley, G.H.; Chinn, J.; Scott, J.H.J. and Varanasi, K. K. (2014) “Dropwise Condensation of Low Surface Tension Fluids on Omniphobic Surfaces”, Scientific Reports, 4

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Fog-Harvesting Potential of Lubricant-Impregnated Electrospun...

Lalia, B. S.*; Anand, S*.; Varanasi, K. K.; Hashaikeh, R., (2013) “Fog-Harvesting Potential of Lubricant-Impregnated Electrospun Nanomats”. Langmuir, 29, (42), 13081-13088. (*Equal Contribution)

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Mechanism of Frost Formation on Lubricant-Impregnated Surfaces

Rykaczewski, K.; Anand, S.; Subramanyam, S.B.; and Varanasi, K. K. (2013) “Mechanism of Frost Formation on Lubricant-Impregnated Surfaces“, Langmuir, 29(17): 5230-5238

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Droplet mobility on lubricant-impregnated surfaces

Smith, D.; Dhiman, R.; Anand, S.; Guarduno, E.; McKinley, G.; Cohen, R. E.; and Varanasi, K. K. (2013) “Droplet mobility on lubricant-impregnated surfaces“, Soft Matter, 9(6): p. 1772-1780. Also selected as Front Cover of the Journal and among ‘Most Accessed Articles’ for 2013.

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Multimode Multidrop Coalescence Effects during Condensation on...

Rykaczewski, K.; Paxson, A.; Anand, S.; Chen, X.; Wang, Z. and Varanasi, K. K. (2012) “Multimode Multidrop Coalescence Effects during Condensation on Hierarchical Superhydrophobic Surfaces“, Langmuir, 29(3): 881-891

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Enhanced condensation on liquid impregnated nanotextured surfaces

Anand, S.; Paxson, A.; Dhiman, R.; Smith, J.D. and Varanasi, K. K. (2012) “Enhanced condensation on liquid impregnated nanotextured surfaces” ACS Nano, 6 (11), 10122-10129. Also covered in MIT News, Phys.org, Nanoweek, Popular Science, Economist

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Papers List 2010-2015 - (2)

Anand, S.; et al. (2011). “Distribution of Vapor Inside a Cylindrical Minichannel With Evaporative Walls and Its Effect on Droplet Growth by Heterogeneous Nucleation”, Journal of Thermal Science and Engineering Applications, 3 (1): 011008-011010

Sub-Micrometer Dropwise Condensation under Superheated...

Anand, S. and Son, S. Y. (2010). “Sub-Micrometer Dropwise Condensation under Superheated and Rarefied Vapor Condition“, Langmuir, 26 (22), 17100-17110.

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